Tsezian etymology : Query result

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔ[ǝ̃]šV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sign, target; mark (on sheep's ear)

Khvarshi: aše (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: ãše

Bezhta: ãž

Gunzib: ǝ̃ž

Comments: PTsKh *ʔãše; PGB *ʔ[ǝ̃]ž (in Gunz. Bokarev writes ʔǝ̃ž, but the MSU recording is ẽž; the former is probably more correct, but still the vocalic correspondence is aberrant).

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔǝ̃χ: (~ ʁ)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: belly

Bezhta: õχ

Comments: Preserved only in Bezht. (where it contrasts with ãχ 'stomach' < *ʔãχ: q.v.), but having probable external parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔǝ̃χ:V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wound

Khvarshi: ãχʷa (Leksika)

Inkhokvari: oχo

Bezhta: õχo (Tlad.)

Gunzib: ǝ̃χu

Comments: PGB *ʔǝ̃χu (cf. also Khosh. oχo "festering wound"); PTsKh *ʔǝ̃χʷǝ (with a secondary labialisation).

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔič-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: thick (of round objects)

Tsezi: =eči-ju / =ʕečču

Ginukh: ʕečču

Khvarshi: =ičču

Inkhokvari: =ičču

Comments: PTsKh *ʔiči-ju/-nu. Class prefixation is probably secondary.

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔĩčV- / *ničV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 green 2 green, blue

Tsezi: ʕečjasi 1

Bezhta: ničdijö 2

Gunzib: ničdu 2

Comments: PGB *nič-.

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔĩč̣e-r

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: foal

Ginukh: eč̣il

Bezhta: ič̣ej

Gunzib: ĩč̣er

Comments: PGB *ʔĩč̣er (cf. also Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. ič̣er). In Tsez. the word for 'foal, young of donkey' is ḳeč̣oli - obviously a contamination of PTsKh *ʔi( ̃)č̣er with another root (see *ḳǝ̃č̣V).

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔijV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mother

Ginukh: ijo

Bezhta: ijo

Gunzib: iju

Comments: PGB *ʔiju. It is not quite clear, whether we should also relate here Khvarsh., Inkh. išu 'mother' ( < *ʔij-šu with an expressive suffix?).

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔi-/*ji-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a demonstrative stem

Tsezi: je-da, ji-si

Inkhokvari: j-u, i-du

Comments: PTsKh *ʔi-/*ji-, used for both near (Tsez. je-da, Inkh. i-du) and far (Tsez. ji-si, Inkh. j-u) deixis. It is possible that hi- in Gin. hi-ba-go 'that' also goes back to this root, but has been mixed with another deictic stem *ha-.

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔiʎu ( ~ -L-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: flint, flint-stone

Bezhta: iʎo

Gunzib: ilu

Comments: PGB *ʔiLu.

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔiƛ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to speak, say 2 to call

Tsezi: eƛ- 1

Ginukh: eƛ- 1

Khvarshi: iƛ- 1

Inkhokvari: iƛ- 1

Bezhta: iƛ- 2

Gunzib: iƛ- 2

Comments: PTsKh, PGB *ʔiƛ-. Cf. also Gunz. ƛe 'a particle of indirect speech ("says")', and aƛ- 'to cry (out)' which probably reflect old Ablaut variants.

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔiƛV (~ɨ,ǝ,u,-Ṽ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: pan

Tsezi: ʕeƛu

Comments: Attested only in Tsez., thus the reconstruction is very tentative.

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔiƛ̣e

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: last year

Tsezi: eƛ̣i

Ginukh: eƛ̣i

Bezhta: iƛ̣e

Comments: PTsKh *iƛ̣e.

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔinVju ( ~ -ɨ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mother

Tsezi: enju / eniju

Comments: Cf. also Tsez. eni 'mummy'. The root is attested only in Tsez., but has probable external parallels.

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔiš:V (~h-,-ɨ-,-š-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mane;cock's comb

Tsezi: ešu

Ginukh: ešu

Comments: PTsKh *ʔišu (~-ɨ-,- ̃-).

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔiṭʷ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to pour

Tsezi: eṭʷ-

Khvarshi: g-iṭ-

Bezhta: =oṭ- (Khosh.)

Comments: PTsKh *ʔiṭʷ- (or *g-iṭʷ- with a preverb).

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔiχo

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: shepherd

Tsezi: aħo

Ginukh: eχo

Khvarshi: iho

Inkhokvari: iho

Comments: PTsKh *ʔiχ1o.

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔĩz(:)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: tower

Tsezi: ez (Radzhibov)

Gunzib: ĩz

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔiž(:)-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to win

Tsezi: =ež- (Radzhibov)

Ginukh: =ež-

Khvarshi: =iž-

Bezhta: =iž- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: iž-

Comments: PTsKh *=iž-, PGB *ʔiž-. The root has no class prefixes in Gunzib, which may be an archaism (cf. PN).

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔɨ̃q- ?

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: all

Gunzib: ɨ̃qɔru

Comments: An isolated Gunz. word; etymology unknown.

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔɨs: A (/*ʔɨs:Vju)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 brother 2 sister

Tsezi: esiju /esju 1,2

Ginukh: essu 1,2

Khvarshi: es 1,2

Inkhokvari: ɨs 1,2

Bezhta: is 1, isi 2

Gunzib: ɨs 1,2

Comments: PTsKh *ʔɨs / *ʔɨseju; PGB *ʔɨs / *ʔɨsi(j). In all modern Tsezian languages except Bezhta the stem denotes both 'brother' and 'sister' (the difference being only in agreement: 'brother' belongs to the 1st class, 'sister' - to the second). It is possible, however, that Bezht. preserves the old PTs opposition between *ʔɨs: 'brother' and *ʔɨs:Vju 'sister' (confused in all other languages).

The oblique stem of the word is well reconstructable for PTs as *ʔɨs:-ṭi-: Inkh. ɨsṭi-, Bezht. isṭi-, Gunz. ɨsṭi-.